Each year, the National Trust for Historic Preservation releases its “11 Most Endangered Historic Places” list, spotlighting significant sites across the country that are at risk of being lost to neglect, development, or disaster. In 2025, two Arizona Landmarks were placed in the national preservation spotlight with two iconic locations included on the list: the May Hicks Curtis House in Flagstaff and the Mystery Castle in Phoenix.
The National Trust for Historic Preservation designations are not only a warning, but also a call to action. They highlight the need for attention, funding, and community engagement to ensure that Arizona’s cultural and architectural history is not lost.
The May Hicks Curtis House: Where the First State Flag Was Sewn
Tucked within a historic Flagstaff neighborhood, the May Hicks Curtis House represents an important moment in Arizona history. In 1911, May Hicks Curtis sewed the first Arizona state flag inside this home. Her contributions to civic life earned her recognition as one of Arizona’s early female leaders.
The house is a modest, early 20th-century residence that reflects the design and construction of its time. Beyond its architectural charm, it tells the story of the people who built Arizona’s identity. However, the original location of the home has become a target for development, putting the structure at risk of being destroyed.
City officials and preservation groups stepped in to relocate the house to a temporary site, avoiding demolition for now. The long-term goal is to restore and repurpose the home as a public-facing space that honors Arizona’s early history. Without additional support, however, the future of the Curtis House remains in limbo.
Mystery Castle: A Folk-Art Icon at the Foot of South Mountain
In Phoenix, the Mystery Castle has captured imaginations for generations. Built in the 1930s by Boyce Luther Gulley, the castle was constructed from discarded materials like automobile parts, telephone poles, and stone. Gulley created it as a gift for his daughter, Mary Lou, while he battled tuberculosis in the dry Arizona climate.
After his death, Mary Lou eventually took over the castle and opened it to the public. Over the years, it became a beloved, eccentric landmark and a popular destination for curious tourists and locals alike.
Unfortunately, the site has not been maintained adequately. The structure has suffered from weather damage, vandalism, and a lack of consistent funding. With no long-term preservation plan in place, the castle’s future is at risk. The 2025 endangered designation could be the spark needed to organize a coordinated effort to save it.
Why These Places Matter
Arizona is growing fast. Cities like Phoenix and Flagstaff are expanding rapidly, often at the expense of older buildings. But these historic places offer more than nostalgic value. They connect us to our roots and help shape a sense of place that is unique to Arizona.
The May Hicks Curtis House represents early statehood and women’s role in shaping Arizona. The Mystery Castle is a reminder of one man’s creativity and devotion to family. Both landmarks tell deeply human stories and reflect the identity of the communities around them.
Losing either would mean erasing an important piece of Arizona’s shared memory.
What Puts Historic Sites at Risk?
The challenges facing historic places vary, but several issues are especially pressing in Arizona:
- Urban Development: As new housing and commercial properties rise, historic structures are often seen as expendable.
- Neglect and Deferred Maintenance: Without proper care, buildings deteriorate beyond repair.
- Extreme Climate: Arizona’s heat, monsoon rains, and occasional wildfires accelerate structural wear.
- Lack of Awareness: Many residents are unaware that local landmarks are even in danger.
Being placed on the endangered list does not guarantee preservation, but it often increases visibility. That visibility can attract donations, public interest, and policy support.
What You Can Do to Help
Residents in Arcadia, Biltmore, North Central Phoenix, and surrounding communities have an opportunity to help protect Arizona’s history. Here are a few meaningful steps to consider:
- Donate: Financial contributions to local preservation nonprofits or city restoration projects make a real difference.
- Volunteer: Many sites need help with cleanup, repairs, events, and public outreach.
- Visit: Supporting these sites by visiting and bringing friends helps generate revenue and awareness.
- Advocate: Encourage local officials to support historic preservation ordinances and policies.
- Educate Others: Spread the word through social media, school programs, or local newsletters to build public interest.
Looking Ahead
Arizona’s past is worth protecting. While the state moves toward the future with bold development and new infrastructure, it should not come at the cost of losing what makes it unique. The May Hicks Curtis House and Mystery Castle are not just buildings. They are symbols of resilience, creativity, and state pride.
These two locations have been named among the most endangered in America, but there is still time to change the outcome. With public support, city involvement, and community pride, both can be preserved and celebrated for generations to come.
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